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[Music]  you  [Music]  okay I'm going to talk about we're  almost done want to talk about because  that's going to be in preparation  tomorrow a little bit I want to talk a  little bit about why do you put a fuse  in a circuit breaker right what it does  it's an electrical a breaker could be an  electrical kill switch it's a way to  protect the wire breaks the connection  we talked earlier about different types  of fuses right there's fuses that you  actually can reset those are thermal  circuit breakers all our panels you know  the little switches that can trip that's  a thermal circuit breaker over time you  can just reset you don't have to change  a fuse what are the things that you're  gonna actually always put a fuse at the  source of power that's really important  and make sure the fuses size to handle  both the wire and the load that is going  to be used or the maximum output of a  charging circuit okay this is actually I  want to show you just a couple videos  about a couple minutes not even 30  seconds each so this is a video that we  did in a long time ago actually as a boy  then fuse location close to the battery  that's where it should be right so this  tactically is kind of your battery you  got a fuse right there at the beginning  of the circuit and we've got a light  right here what happens when you do a  det short on that circuit few sparks  same this the same test right so what  happened right we have a dead short  right so this is effectively a battery  ground path right so the current  actually you saw the light went out  right because the light has resistance  right so that's why the currents not  going it's not limitless current going  through that light the light itself a  load has a resistance and that's what  stops the current from being too much  but as soon as we basically had from  this point this point over another wire  we just put a bolt there that was too  much and it blew the fifteen amp fuse  because this is gauge 14 wire  okay so that's what if used us now  notice the fuse was at the beginning of  the circuit right alright so the next  thing we're gonna see I want to see and  this is where by the way not to scare  you guys but this is true a hundred  percent of you have this problem on your  boat guaranteed there's nobody in this  room that the chances of you not having  a fuse badly located on your boat is  almost impossible to the point that it's  guaranteed that you have fuses people  think that a fuse can be installed  anywhere in a circuit anywhere because  they only think that a fuse is there to  protect the appliance and most people  remember don't like reading rule so they  don't read and they don't understand  that's why in your home your circuit  breakers are not somewhere in the house  they're at the beginning of the feed  right they're not there for convenience  the convenience is a coincidence they're  there because that's the start of the AC  main coming in your home it's not for  convenience that is just a pure benefit  it happens to be  you're not putting the circuit breakers  everywhere on the wire and in the  bathroom before you plug in to an outlet  there at the beginning of the circuit  they are there to protect the wire in  any appliance that connects to that wire  all right now let's do for example VHF  VHF comes with a fuse the fuse is right  upside the VHF radio so now we've got  circuit and you could have your battery  long leads and then you have a fuse  right before the VHF right and in this  case it's on a VHF it's a light so what  happens when you cause a det short  before the fuse  okay by the way this actually I just  want to emphasize so the only reason it  stopped is because the wire melted  because the wire became the fuse right  here so the camera  nobody's operating the camera the camera  is about this this high from honestly if  it was where the other camera is at a  distance about 10 feet the smoke is by  the way like you can't see through it  this is not a barbecue like s'mores  you're doing marshmallows type of smoke  it was bigger than this screen  completely absolutely Oh pack you could  not see through it to save your life you  put your hand in it there's no way it  was huge and that is from the shield the  insulation on that jacket on a wire this  long this long 14 gauge two feet of dead  short that's it two feet imagine what  happens when the dead short is on a  gauge an alternator wire and this is  where the stories of people actually  can't breathe passing out calling mayday  in this summer when there's boat fires  and literally they can't they literally  have to when the the Coast Guard comes  they have to put them on masks for  breathing because of in the inhalation  from the smoke they can't open like this  is not a normal fire this is not a camp  fire the jacket when it melts it's  absolutely terrified okay that's why you  don't want smoke on your boat it's not a  fire like a little fire oh it's so cute  put a five straight you can't see  anything you can't do anything you can't  find it you are completely utterly blind  and that's what happens I speak to tons  of boaters that come back and we deal  with a lot of insurance claims  oh my boat caught on fire can you come  and rewire it and I tell you the  experience that it happens and it  generally never happens at the dock  they're actually on the water it's a  life event if they don't get out of  boating it's pretty close I think it's  pretty close  generally the partner is left inclined  to go boating there's one that it might  be but there's another one that's like  you know what this was not part of the  deal all right so this is demo we've got  two last videos and that's it  this video here is now you got two sizes  of wires two fuses right because every  time you change wire size you got to  change the few size so we had a large  screws at the beginning small fuse we  change the wire size and then we got a  light again same test so the only fuse  that blew was this one here because the  other fuse over here the large fuse that  we saw earlier the a now fuse was meant  to handle the wire gage of the large  cable that cable is one knot or two watt  Cameron Bure so it never blew right so  this is what happens because you see  this is a this and why I was bringing  this up at a time was I get this all the  time Jeff I have a fuse on my battery  going to my panel I don't understand why  I need fuses on my panel and you're like  yeah but the fuse on your battery to the  panel is made to handle a wire size you  might have a hundred amp fuse or 50 amp  fuse going to your panel from the panel  everywhere else it's not the same wire  size you're changing the wire size to  gauge 14 gauge 16 gauge 10 you're  bringing the wire size down every time  you change the wire size a fuse is  selected for two things for the load  you're going to be running and for the  wire size that it's going to be on right  so now let's look at last video here to  still two sizes of wire but only a large  shoes at the beginning of the circuit so  this is a large views and you'll notice  this wire here has no fuse on it at all  Hugh's never blew the big foreigners  doesn't need to because the amperage of  a fuse can handle 150 amps the wire can  only handle 15 amps so the wire is the  fuse in this instance and again the only  reason it stops is because the wire  melted it was the fuse so the reason I  try to emphasize that is about safety  right it's about doing things properly  because when you're on a boat you don't  want to have this happen because there's  not a lot of exits alright it's not like  you're on land and you can just go out  through a window right there's not when  you're on a boat you're kind of like on  the journey with the boat especially  here with cold water you're not gonna  jump overboard in like ten degrees  Celsius waters so what I'm trying to  emphasize is that you make sure that the  fuse is made to handle both the load and  the wire gauge and a question earlier  was about making sure that it's there to  make sure that you don't do nuisance  tripping right so that doesn't trip the  fuse too soon if you're gonna swap out a  fuse make sure you disconnect the load  meaning have the battery switch off  because otherwise you're going to get  sparks when you connect that because  you're suddenly making a connection and  I have seen that all the time boaters  are like oh my god I'm putting the fuse  on it's it's actually sparking well it's  because you have a load on make sure  your loads are disconnected before  because your connect completing the  circuit by putting the fuse on really  important make sure you put a protective  positive post like covering on top of  fuses some of them it's all exposed it's  all metal you don't want to have an  extended accidental short short and then  the other thing too is the always carry  spare fuses some fuses are easy to find  in the middle of nowhere some art so you  know as as motors we should have a list  of all the fuses we have I know they'll  this takes time but if you want to be on  your own or self sufficient it helps  especially as you go more north if  you're sailing in how sound or English  Bay and that's all you're doing all this  I mean having spare fuses sure but if  you're going on the Browns or you're  going discovery or outside of Vancouver  Island spare fuses is kind of a must  and then when you're choosing a thermal  breaker  you know like wind Lass's are gonna say  I want an 80 amp thermal breaker well do  an 80 amp right and some of them what's  nice is they come with a switch right  they actually the thermal breaker allows  you to turn it on and off which is what  a circuit breaker is on our panels right  it's not only a thermal circuit breaker  it's actually an on/off you use that to  turn the circuit on or off  also remember that thermal circuit  breakers are generally used on loads  that can be accidentally or that will  commonly trip and lows that will  commonly trip without a short our  motorized loads we'll talk about that a  little bit tomorrow when the voltage  drops on something remember power equals  VI if the voltage drops you're running  you're winless you don't have your  alternator running you're running it a  lot the batteries were partially empty  is the voltage goes down to ten or  eleven ten point five ten nine point  five the amperage we'll have to do the  exact same proportional up reaction  because it's two things the power the  windless will never draw more or less  than twelve hundred watts regardless of  the voltage fed to it the amperage will  just keep increasing to offset the  voltage drop and that's why when Lass's  are always recommend with thermal  circuit breaker because it can happen  that your windless breaker will pop not  because you have a short it's because it  was under low voltage and the amperage  exceeded what the windless should be  having does that make sense everyone  that's really good and that's why  thermal circuit breakers definitely have  their applications for loads that can  often trip and those are generally  motorized loads the question  and all these jobs to come talk to  because you've got a constant resistance  no I was gonna stay the same absolutely  if it's a 1200 watt load V equals VI P  equals VI he's gonna drop currents gonna  go up and that's why that's why those  circuit breakers are absolutely there  yeah the V equals IR yeah I know but it  doesn't work like that  it doesn't I know I get that all the  time P equals VI lae this is the danger  and this is why starters die thrusters  die they don't die because they're badly  manufactured is because they're working  under low voltage and the current going  through them is going higher than it  used to be to make sure that the load is  still at 1200 yeah so this is now a  recap of what we talked about today  right we basically went through all of  that  the big takeaway I think is really  important especially as you're adding is  modularity is a really big thing right  thinking about the different ways the  combiner the isolator that you're gonna  share power from an alternator or  batteries to battery and then looking at  the different ways that you can go about  charging your batteries right being a  charger an alternator solar controller  it could be a wind turbine it could be a  DC gen all of those are different ways  for you to create energy or power to be  stored in a battery and then on the load  side you can see there's a lot of  different things I didn't talk about  that but one last point if you're  wondering why I have a fuse block on the  unsigned and a fuse block on the switch  side you're gonna have unswept circuits  that are to code what would that be  propane detector which is another one  Dilek bump I don't want anyone else  stereo memory there's certain circuits  that should be left all the time few  bilge pump is probably the best example  you should be able to walk away from a  boat turn your battery switch off and  your bilge pump should work so you can  isolate all those on your boat except a  few bilge pump being probably number one  on the list  and that is called the unswept  distribution fuse block and those are  very few loads right you might have VHF  radio might be another one yes  class TA and now I'm gonna do a little  bit more on fusing tomorrow because  there's some troubleshooting yeah so  there's ATO ATC glass fuse a now mega  class t-there's mr BF it's a little bit  like everything's built for a purpose  right the world we live in is not simple  anymore you can get a sense right I mean  we just did what six hours and I'm  always scratching the surface every  field is non-stop and everything fusing  is another one it's like as a tire tire  no actually it isn't you're like oh what  ty are using it for what application so  you have different fuses for different  applications what's interesting about a  class T versus nal which are two big  fuses is the rate at which they trip the  reason why class C's are used for  inverters or suggested by a lot of  inverter manufacturers is because they  have a faster trip time meaning they  will not have a higher tolerance like  you could have a fuse for example in a  in L fuse you're like 300 amps it will  let a thousand atoms go through it  you're like wow I thought you said it  was a 300 amp  well it's 300 amp for continuous over  two seconds as long as you don't peak so  much like they'll leave these high  inrush for these inductive these  motorized loads when they come on like a  starter a starter you might not like a  compound meter see only 300 amps but for  a microsecond it went to 1,200 and so  what they're trying to do is they're  trying to say yeah it's a 300 continuous  but for a very short period of time and  that trip time is that one of the  specification of a fuse a class T fuse  is gonna have a very shorter trip time  it doesn't want the inverter because an  inverter will never stop to do what you  asked of it I always think about my lab  that passed away I could make her fetch  for until she dies she would do it until  she dies and an inverter is the same way  it doesn't say oh I'm 2000 watt I can't  do more no it's gonna try you could put  4000 watt load on a 2000 watt inverter  the only thing that stops it from doing  4000 Watts  is that you put in a fuse that will trip  after you draw more than 2000 watt of  power and that's why it's essential to  have on an inverter and most people  don't have a fuse on an inverter believe  it or not to have a few so that when you  overload the inverter the inverter  actually the fuse trips and that's  what's actually protecting the inverter  from actually doing more work than it  should  that's why class T is a really common  one and there's some fuses to that our  ignition protected and some that aren't  alright and especially for some of us  that have gasoline boats that's a big  concern because where are you gonna put  like a Class C fuse is not ignition  protected by Denny Allen one is so on  boats that have for example an inverter  not in the engine room  we'll put an ignition protected fuse at  the beginning of the circuit in the  engine room go through bulkheads Lear  completely sealed go completely knots  and then put the class t fuse beside the  inverter to protect the inverter and the  nal fuse is going to be protecting the  wire you had a question  no tailed it all right other questions  on anything that we talked about there  you go oh yes battery capacity tests  okay alright let's go down the wormhole  battery capacity so battery capacity is  sort of your ability to take alcohol  it's a function of time I could probably  take a drink every two hours and  probably never be drunk you know got a  lot of experience I'm good but if I take  five drinks in five minutes  gonna be a problem right so your ability  to process alcohol is a function of time  your batteries are actually the same  everything is a factor of the discharge  rate the rate at which you discharge a  battery when everyone here in the room  thinks about a battery and they say oh I  have a hundred amp hour battery what  they're saying code is at a C 20 rating  my battery is a hundred amp hours  meaning if I discharge my batteries over  a 20 hour discharge period right and my  battery also more complicated is at a  certain temperature so you should  actually  have your battery  temperature-compensated I could  discharge that battery a hundred a power  battery bank over 20 hours would be five  amps so you literally go five amps and  you take that in that battery if you  discharge it at five amps will bring you  down after 20 hours to 100 amp hours  that's why when we do battery testing  it's time-consuming because there's no  such thing as a quick and easy way to  predict how a battery will do under deep  cycle discharge than to actually do a  deep cycle sort of marathon so what  we'll do is we'll actually find out what  the c-5 rating is what is capacity over  a five hour discharge and we'll  discharge that battery over five hours  use that and translate that to what the  battery capacity B would at 20 hours so  certain batteries you'll see them and  they're deceiving they'll tell you  telecom batteries are gonna say oh yeah  my battery is 100 amp hours but what  they're failing to tell you is it's a c8  rating or it's a different type of  rating so you always have to think about  C 20 is what it is capacity over a 20  hour discharge and so if you want to  know what your battery is or you bought  a boat and you don't know what your  battery bank is you say okay what's my  battery bank let's say for golf car  batteries for of golf or our batteries  wiring 12 volts 440 amp hours no problem  start the test and you give me four  numbers you're my data logger generally  I delegate this to boat owners because  it takes time you give me time volts  amps at powers should have an amp hour  meter right if you don't makes it hard  remember I love amp power meters but  another reason every hour on the hour  you start telling me what was the volts  the app should say the same should be  always five about right and then you  should tell me what the time is because  I want to know that you actually took it  at that time if you didn't I don't want  to assume and you tell me what the amp  hours I'm power shouldn't be shouldn't  should be an increment I don't want any  surprises after one hour it's five after  two hours it's ten I want you to prove  to me that there was no like a fridge  would not be a good load to put on  because a fridge is an intermittent load  it comes on and you need  steady look like a lightbulb something  like that and you do that and you'll  basically find out what it is after a  period of time and then that value you  can say okay well I did the test and I'm  at 95% of what I thought I would or I'm  at 70 percent or 30 percent and that is  the only way of actually knowing what a  the battery true battery capacity is is  by doing a C 20 test or C 5 but you need  time  no no because doing so takes away 2  percent of a battery bank capacity on a  typical conventional battery  conventional batteries are about 350  cycles at full discharge you can it's  dangerous to geek out too much meaning  when I have my flooded lead-acid  batteries I switched to Firefly but when  I had my flooded lead-acid batteries  what did I do  I wired them for even discharge I made  sure they had the right charge rate and  I made sure that I always top them off  with distilled water my 8 golf cart  batteries lasted me it's not a joke 11  years it's off the charts it's like  saying I live to 120 if you live to 120  you're doing something good like good  genetics or whatever but there's no such  thing in batteries I was unlucky as I  loved them but I didn't go further right  I still discharged into theoretical 50  they probably only lasted longer but I'm  in one point I'm telling myself 11 years  out of a battery bank you did me well  thank you very much for your service and  then I'm like I'm moving on to a  different battery bank right so it's  about finding a balance between  monitoring and calculating constantly  what is the new battery bank capacity  re-entering that in the battery monitor  and saying you know what let's just take  an average now when I did my battery  monitor and my battery said they were  880 did you think I entered a marketing  number that was probably happened once  in the lab and the guy was like sales  guys like really don't you think we  could just increase it just a little bit  are they ever gonna know now it's fine  like I don't do that I'm like 880 hours  800 amp hours like let's take some skin  off you know I mean like I know that  reality is never what is promised so I  pull back the numbers and I use that I  might as bad  man capacity on my monitor and it lasted  Lily me 11 years till I switch to  Firefly so I think it's always about  finding a common balance between what's  reasonable and what's true ownerís as an  owner to do any other questions yes yeah  so a good question I'm starting my  engine with a deep cycle battery am i  hurting my engine by doing so batteries  am i hurting something  well phrase it like that yeah you're in  this situation you're lucky because you  only have a eight horse engine very  small need for a lot of power suddenly  to move that you can hang crank that  engine the challenge with bigger engines  when you start them with deep cycle is  that your starter wants a lot of right  there and then in a moment and because  the voltage drops the amperage increases  on a starter and if the amperage drop  the voltage drops a lot to nine volt  eight volts because the deep cycle  battery is completely built differently  and I was entertaining putting slides of  what a deep cycle battery looks like I  was like oh god this is geeking out too  much like I find it interesting but like  Jeff you're pushing it they are  completely built differently so I would  encourage and you're I think you're the  exception to the rule right your engine  is you're lucky it's it doesn't need a  lot of cranking amps but that I don't  think reflects to everyone else I think  when you're buying a battery for your  boat and if you're gonna use it as an  engine battery I strongly suggest by the  way an engine battery is probably  two-thirds or half the price of a deep  cycle battery so if you're gonna you're  gonna actually save money to buy a  starter battery for a starter  application then buy  deep-cycle battery for a starter  application so financially it makes more  sense to go with a starter battery  because it cost less and it's better but  you can do the opposite for a deep cycle  application deep cycle application you  need to spend more money and buy the  deep cycle battery go ahead oh my god I  love this I love this all right question  I start my engine on all right a source  selector battery switch that has off one  two both because I want both of my  batteries to be charged when I'm running  my engine great question I strongly  disagree with that why I think that  before you leave the home your birth you  want to know that your engine battery  can start your engine on its own it's  sort of for me like leaving the house  and start leaving the house with a king  you know what you before you go on a  trek in the woods you don't want to  start you don't want to have your backup  used as your primary I think it's very  important to use the primary as the  primary and to always start at the dock  know before you leave your berth that  your engine battery isn't sufficient to  recharge to start your engine because  that's when you have control once you're  out on the water you don't have what  control you have gotten just for a day  sail and your batteries are completely  full your charger was on and then four  or five hours later the all is not  enough and what's the backup to all  there is no backup all is all it's all  everything you got so all it to me is is  an emergency thing and I always  emphasize to all the builders that I  deal with if you have to start your boat  on all I want to call if you can't call  me call someone else but know that  you're going out  and now you're saying that your engine  battery's not enough to start your  handle so if you your concern would be  to put a battery combiner solve that  problem change the battery switch  because you can it's a make before break  you can go from one to all or both and  to no problem a million times if you  have a normal switch no problem the  switch is made to do that you just can't  go from 1/2 off to 2 to both you do all  the connections on top you just don't go  on the off stage to go back and that's  why this switch is called make before  break and the switch is built for that  it's not an old switch 3040 years old  it's gonna do it no problem that would  be my it's it's a personal opinion  that's all it is  no right or wrong personal opinion after  5 minutes let's say you can do ya  there's two ways of doing this right you  could do some owners will start on  battery one wait five minutes and not  even bother about all they're like screw  it because I might forget to take it on  all later on when I get to my  destination right because some  destinations can be pretty distracting  it's not like we get to our destination  like Oh God  I'm here this is so boring what am I  gonna do with my time I wish that my  life was not going so bad it's like you  get to destination you're like oh my god  this is the best thing on earth the last  thing you're thinking about is like oh  let me go change my dial switches and  while everyone else is inviting you to  do whatever is maybe pleasureful in your  life right so I recommend that one  owners is you start on one run at five  minutes right and then after five  minutes go to 2 and then recharge your  house and never even bother with all  because once your batteries start five  minutes is plenty to recharge your  engine battery the problem is doing it  after your destination is there is no  room for error  right no room like if you forget the all  and you discharged your batteries after  two days in Anchorage  there is no oh I've got this you're like  no there is no I got nothing the backup  was with the primary now euros to one  battery bank now what now it's  I don't call someone floatover tender do  you have a battery can I lend a battery  can you come over I need a battery do  you want to take your battery out of  your boat I need a new battery I need it  like it's it's it's a headache right  that's I had that conversation earlier  don't expect things to last forever  change the switch or put a combiner in  never switch again yes go ahead yeah  which is dead yeah so the question is  what happens when you seriously  discharged your battery which by the way  is going to happen to all of us right I  mean it's pretty common you can feel bad  about it rightly so but it's kind of  happen to all of us your batteries are  completely discharged and now you try to  recharge them what happens is most  battery chargers will actually not  charge a dead battery you're like what  isn't that your job your job is to  recharge a battery you're called the  battery charger  well no again nothing is easy the  battery charger is only gonna charge a  battery this isn't perceive as dead  because if it's dead it actually could  catch fire so they'll only battery  chargers in a battery shop where they're  kind of like it's not really about it  they're forcing it so I've had motors  that i vish literally take their  batteries off the boat bring them to a  battery shop that has a charger that  doesn't care to bring them back to life  charge enough like 10 11 volts take the  batteries put them back in the boat and  the other normal charger to say oh it's  just a low battery but some charges will  say the battery voltage is too low I  charging you even though you're a  charger they're like no I know I'm a  charger but I'm not a charger on a dead  battery so that happens all the time in  the summer oh my god every day every day  I get that call every day I get that  call yeah other questions I'm willing to  after the course is done letting  everyone go I want to thank you for  being here today  a big thank you and everyone at home  thanks for watching and if you've got  any further questions welcome to be  there drop online write a comment or  come and see me right here and I'm here  to answer any question you might have  thank you everyone  [Applause]